A new comprehensive study led by Macquarie University reveals that children and adolescents with chronic pain are three times more likely to experience anxiety or depression compared to their peers. The findings, published in JAMA Pediatrics, show that one-third of young individuals suffering from chronic pain meet the criteria for anxiety disorders, and one in eight meet the criteria for depression.
The meta-analysis reviewed 79 studies involving nearly 23,000 children and teens under the age of 18, including over 12,000 with chronic pain. The research included conditions where pain is a primary symptom, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and fibromyalgia, as well as diseases where pain is secondary, like Crohn’s disease and colitis. It also covered cases where pain has no identifiable cause.
Anxiety and Depression Linked to Chronic Pain in Children
Dr. Joanne Dudeney, the lead researcher and clinical psychologist from Macquarie University, emphasizes the importance of addressing both mental and physical health in children suffering from chronic pain. She states, “Children with chronic pain are often overlooked for anxiety and depression treatment, which could hinder their overall recovery.”
The study highlights a significant gap in current research, which tends to focus more on pain-related fear and anxiety (pain catastrophizing) rather than on general anxiety or depressive symptoms. Dr. Dudeney notes that these mental health conditions are frequently missed, delaying crucial treatment for children with chronic pain.
Key Takeaways for Parents and Clinicians
Parents of children with chronic pain are encouraged to be vigilant about the signs of anxiety and depression. Dr. Dudeney stresses that early screening and intervention are essential. She suggests that parents advocate for their child’s mental health assessment if they are experiencing chronic pain.
Healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, rheumatologists, and pain specialists, should also consider mental health screenings as part of routine care for children with chronic pain. Implementing short mental health assessments can help address anxiety and depression early, potentially improving the overall effectiveness of treatment.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Chronic Pain and Mental Health
The study recommends adopting a multidisciplinary treatment plan that addresses both chronic pain and mental health symptoms together. This approach can provide a more holistic treatment pathway, improving outcomes for children affected by chronic pain.
Dr. Dudeney and her team are developing an online program for adolescents with chronic pain. This program, to be delivered through Macquarie University’s eCentreClinic, is modeled after an adult pain management course that has successfully reduced pain and improved the quality of life in participants.
Why Mental Health Screening Is Crucial for Children with Chronic Pain
Children with chronic pain are part of a vulnerable population. Without considering mental health factors such as anxiety and depression, it is unlikely that full recovery will be achieved. Regular mental health screenings and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment are key in ensuring comprehensive care.
By recognizing the connection between chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, parents and healthcare providers can ensure that children receive the holistic care they need to live healthier, happier lives.
Key Terms:
- Chronic pain in children
- Anxiety and depression in children
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Multidisciplinary treatment for chronic pain
- Mental health screening for kids
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